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Speed Control     6 Degrees-of-Freedom
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Technical Description

VePAS - Version 2.0
The Vehicle Performance and Analysis Simulation is a graphical six degree-of-freedom simulation package capable of modeling a large variety of vehicles such as passenger cars, trucks, and high-performance vehicle, as well as, public transportation and recreational vehicles (2WD or AWD). VePAS combines land-vehicle dynamics with graphical software capabilities to form a comprehensive, user-friendly tool for advanced vehicle engineering.

User Interface
VePAS features a mouse/menu user interface and a graphical display mode. The menu interface allows you to view the input vehicle specifications, activiate/deactivate output data files, plot VePAS data elements, modify simulation interface parameters, and access help information. The graphical display mode provides you with attitude viewports, accelerometers, a speedometer and tachometer, and run-time data elements based on the modeled scenario.

Scenario Capabilities
VePAS provides you with the ability to test a component or complete vehicle design under performance, ride, stability & control, handling, or braking situations. In addition, VePAS contains a user-defined Driver environment which allows you to govern vehicle speed, steering controls, throttle controls, transmission gear changes, and braking response.

Wind Model
The VePAS program incorporates an environment wind model. The wind model can be used to perform stability & control vehicle analysis, or for including realistic environmental conditions in a test scenario which may exist during an actual vehicle test.

Fuel Economy Prediction
The VePAS engine model determines the fuel flow during all vehicle operational states. The fuel flow is based on engine speed and load conditions. VePAS uses engine fuel flow to determine an estimate of fuel economy. Fuel economy results can be plotted during run-time to provide a graphical view of fuel consumption during different phases of vehicle operation.

Anti-lock Brake System (ABS)
VePAS includes a vehicle anti-lock brake system which consists of two independent subsystems for front and rear wheel brake controls. Each subsystem consists of a brake torque application control unit, a wheel sensor, a wheel lock predictor, a brake release modulator, and a reselection controller.

Drivetrain Dynamics
VePAS allows for user-designed drivetrain modeling. The program utilizes the dynamic characteristics of the drivetrain you define by the initial vehicle specifications. VePAS uses these characteristics in determining the dynamics of horsepower or torque losses due to accelerating the rotating components of the drivetrain. The drivetrain model consists of wheels and tires, an engine, a transmission, and drivelines.

Three-Dimensional Road
For ride quality modeling and vehicle design analysis, a three-dimensional road model is included. The road model allows for transient vehicle ride analysis. You can construct the road model after specifying a modification to the existing road profile. Initially, the road is defined as a two-dimensional, flat, infinite plane. When you modify this plane, you define impulse or ramp style ground inputs. You can define road impulses on both the driver and passenger sides of the vehicle.

Spring and Damper Elements
The vehicle model includes dynamics relating to linear springs and dampers. A spring and damper is located at each corner of the vehicle defined by the wheelbase and front/rear track. Also, you define the stiffness for each spring and the viscous damping rate for each damper element.

6DOF Equations of Motion
VePAS uses non-linear 6DOF vehicle equations of motion. The VePAS 6DOF derivation assumes that the mass of the vehicle remains constant, the vehicle is a rigid body, the earth is an inertial reference, and the xz-plane is a plane of symmetry.

Rolling Resistance
VePAS includes forces and moments due to the rolling resistance involved in tire motion. The rolling resistance of a pneumatic tire is based on many properties of the tire and environmental conditions such as contact surface and driving speed. VePAS evaluates the rolling resistance of each individual tire based on that tire's inflation pressure, speed, and normal load.

Front and Rear Wheels
Although VePAS is generalized as a sprung mass 6DOF simulation, front and rear wheel rotational dynamics and slip dynamics are included. The rotational wheel dynamics are specifically required for longitudinal tire slip and brake modeling. Lateral tire slip dynamics are included for modeling vehicle steering and handling situations.

Non-Linear/Linear Tire Models
VePAS provides you with two techniques for modeling tires. The first technique models lateral tire forces as a function of slip. The second technique models the lateral tire forces based on user-defined non-linear tire mapping data.

Aerodynamics
The aerodynamic properties of a land-vehicle significantly affects its performance and dynamic response. The VePAS model describes the aerodynamic qualities of a land-vehicle using 6DOF components.

Body Attitude
VePAS computes the vehicle body attitude based on the angular orientation of the vehicle, the center of gravity, and the current ground disturbances. The vehicle body attitude is very useful in considerations of vehicle clearance and position. VePAS defines the vehicle body based on the input wheelbase and front/rear wheel track.

Internal Combustion Engine
The VePAS program contains a multi-function internal combustion engine model. The model uses a table look-up method for obtaining engine horsepower at a specified engine speed. The engine model allows for acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle. The model accounts for mechanical friction and pumping losses for piston speed. Also, at each operating state, engine fuel flow is computed.

Weight Transfer
Because various tire forces, moments, and parameters involve normal load, it is essential to determine the load transfer between the front/rear wheels and between the left/right sides of the vehicle. VePAS obtains the distribution of weight at each wheel using the current dynamics of the vehicle.

Ackerman Steering Geometry
Ackerman steering geometry is used to determine the left and right tire steer angle based on the steering input command controlled by the Driver.

Speed Controller
As the Driver, VePAS provides you with a fully unconstrained throttle control-loop which operates in either a performance or part-throttle mode. The performance mode is essentially a wide-open-throttle (WOT) command used to simulation all-out vehicle acceleration. The part-throttle mode of operation is used for ride, stability & control, handling, and braking analysis. In addition, the part-throttle mode can be used during a performance run, which is especially useful in cases of high tire slip.

Transmission Gear Change
VePAS allows you to control transmission gear changes based on engine speed. You can define up to 30 possible gear ratios and the vehicle shift speed in each gear.

Tire Slip Technology
The VePAS program incorporates the tire slip theory developed by J. Y. Wong, where the percentage of slip is derived from the ratio of vehicle speed to peripheral wheel speed. The percentage of tire slip is then used to determine the overall tractive coefficient.

     
  

VePAS Reference Manual